Assessment of land use compatibility and noise pollution at Imam Khomeini International Airport

This study aimed to investigate land use planning around airports, by employing Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in conjunction with an optimization algorithm using an Integrated Noise Model (INM) software, to establish the potential effects of aircraft noise at Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKIA) in Tehran. We also checked for land use compatibility with the noise levels around IKIA and the residents' reaction to the noise. The research was carried out in three stages: a) the establishment of Strategic Noise Map (SNM) scenarios of the airport operation in the years 2011, 2020 and 2030 using the INM software; b) the assessment of the results with emphasis on the study area land uses and application of RS and GIS and the exposure of residents at different levels of environmental noise; and c) the assessment of the intensity of aircraft noise annoyance at various times of day and night. The results indicated that developing IKIA together with the residential development will increase airport noise. Hence proper management and control of noise at IKIA is essential.     

中国突发性环境污染事件的走势及其治理

水污染、大气污染和固体废物污染是中国突发性环境污染事件的主要构成部分,中国突发性环境污染事件的发生频次呈现出直线下降的趋势,说明我国的环境保护确已取得了显著成效,但这也是建立在大量经济投入与付出的基础之上的。中国突发性环境污染事件的环保经济效益却是直线式地越来越差,不过,环保人本效益却无大幅度的扩增,此外,新型的海洋污染之类的事件也不容忽视。最后,针对治污问题,提出了相应的举措。     

Regulation of relationships between heterogeneous farmers and an aquifer accounting for lag effects

Many environmental problems are due to damage caused by pollutants that accumulate with a time lag following their emission. In this study, we focus on nitrates used in agriculture, which can pollute groundwater many years after their initial application. A dynamic optimal control problem with heterogeneous farmers is proposed. The usual structural parameters such as the discount rate, the natural clearing rate and the lagged time interval between the occurrence of soil‐level pollution and the impact on groundwater are taken into account. We also examine pollution as caused by a continuous set of farms characterised by their individual performance index and by their individual marginal contribution to the pollution. The issue is further investigated by taking account of change in the information context, successively related to perfect information and to asymmetric information. As a result, when the delay between the spreading of N‐fertilizer and the impact on the aquifer increases, that is, the longer the lag, the steady‐state pollution stock and the steady‐state shadow price of the stock both increase. Moreover, we show that the optimal regulation may require a decreasing amount of fertilizer over time, even in the case of initial underpollution.     

Cross-hedging strategies between CDS spreads and option volatility during crises

This paper presents a joint analysis of the term structure of credit default swap (CDS) spreads and the implied volatility surface for five European countries from 2007 to 2012, a sample period covering both the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the European debt crisis. We analyze to which extent effective cross-hedges can be performed between the credit and equity derivatives markets during these two crises. We find that during a global crisis a breakdown of the relationship between credit risk and equity volatility may occur, jeopardizing any cross-hedging strategy, which happened during the GFC. This stands in sharp contrast to the more localized European debt crisis, during which this fundamental relationship was preserved despite turbulent market conditions for both the CDS and volatility markets.     

高校化学实验室几种废液的处理方法探索

高校化学实验室产生的废液不经处理便直接排入下水道,势必给环境和人类健康带来较大危害。针对这些问题,文章探索了几种方法对废液进行简单有效的处理和回收。     

中国对外贸易、经济增长与环境污染的路径演化关系

基于环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)理论,结合广义脉冲响应函数和方差分解法,采用1990-2008年我国相关数据,对三类环境污染物排放指标与人均GDP、商品进出口总额等之间的关系进行了实证分析,指出随着我国人均GDP和对外贸易的进一步增长,污染物排放量呈总体上升趋势,而对外贸易比人均GDP对环境的影响更为显著。     

发达国家城市水污染治理的比较与启示

城市水污染对人类的生存安全构成重大威胁。我国城市水污染日益严峻。在广泛借鉴欧、美、日等发达国家已有治理经验的基础上,深入对比中外城市在管理体制、治理方式与监督机制等方面的差异,提出建立分工协作机制、明确市场作用、强化法律与公众的监管作用等途径,营造我国良好的城市水环境。     

非污许可权交易减排机理研究——基于社会成本角度

排污权交易制度是推动节能减排的一项行之有效的政策。本文从社会成本的角度分析由初始分配市场（一级市场）和两个并行的二级市场（转让交易市场和回购交易市场）构成排污许可权交易市场体系在激励企业污染自主减排上的经济学机理。     

立体表面取点挖掘隐含条件的方法探究

立体表面点的投影分析是机械制图教学中的难点问题之一,它对学好这门课程有重要意义,正确求解此类问题的关键是挖掘出隐含已知条件,我们可以通过一句口诀快速的找出已知条件,文章结合典型实例对这一方法进行了运用,此法对老师和学生都有较强的实用价值。     

客运专线基床表层级配碎石施工技术要点

铁路路基工程施工控制的关键在于基床,基床施工控制的重点又在于基床表层施工,客运专线施工质量要求严格,本文重点讲述了基床表层施工的控制要点。